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• About Pakistan

SOGP, 2012.

About Pakistan

Pakistan is located in southern Asia. Pakistan is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the south, Iran and Afghanistan to the west, India to the east, and China to the north.

Highlighting Islamabad

It is the purpose-built capital of Pakistan. It lies against the surroundings of the Margalla Hills at the northern end of Pothowar Plateau. The city was built intentionally to serve as the capital city of Pakistan in 1960 by the orders of then President General Ayub Khan.
The capital is full of natural terraces and meadows and the southern plain drained by the Kurang River with the Margalla Hills in the north east.

Climate

Pakistan lies in the temperate zone. The climate is generally varied throughout the country, characterized by hot summers and cool or cold winters. The upper parts of Pakistan usually receive precipitation from the Western Disturbance. From June till September most of the country is lashed by the South West Monsoon.
Pakistan has recorded one of the highest temperatures in the world, Mohenjo-daroo, Sindh, 53.5 °C (128.3 °F) on 26 May, 2010 it is not only the hottest temperature ever recorded in Pakistan, but also the hottest reliably measured temperature ever recorded in the continent of Asia.[1][2] As Pakistan is located on a great landmass north of the tropic of Cancer (between latitudes 24° and 37° N), it has a continental type of climate characterized by extreme variations of temperature, both seasonally and daily. Very high altitudes modify the climate in the cold, snow-covered northern mountains; temperatures on the Balochistan Plateau are somewhat higher. Along the coastal strip, the climate is modified by sea breezes. In the rest of the country, temperatures reach great heights in the summer; the mean temperature during June is 38 °C (100 °F) in the plains, the highest temperatures can exceed 47 °C (117 °F). In the summer, hot winds called Loo (wind) blow across the plains during the day. Trees shed their leaves to avoid loss of moisture. The dry, hot weather is broken occasionally by dust storms and thunderstorms that temporarily lower the temperature. Evenings are cool; the diurnal variation in temperature may be as much as 11 °C (52 °F) to 17 °C (63 °F). Winters are cold, with minimum mean temperatures in Punjab of about 4 °C (39 °F) in January, and sub-zero temperatures in the far north and Balochistan.

Factors

The monsoon and the Western Disturbance are the two main factors which alter the weather over Pakistan; otherwise, Continental air prevails for rest of the year. Following are the main factors that influence the weather over Pakistan.

• Western Disturbances mostly occur during the winter months and cause light to moderate showers in southern parts of the country while moderate to heavy showers with heavy snowfall in the northern parts of the country. These westerly waves are robbed of most of the moisture by the time they reach Pakistan.
• Fog occurs during the winter season and remains for weeks in upper Sindh, central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab.
• Southwest Monsoon occurs in summer from the month of June till September in almost whole Pakistan excluding western Balochistan, FATA, Chitral and Gilgit-Baltistan. Monsoon rains bring much awaited relief from the scorching summer heat. These monsoon rains are quite heavy by nature and can cause significant flooding, even severe flooding if they interact with westerly waves in the upper parts of the country.
• Tropical Storms usually form during the summer months from late April till June and then from late September till November. They affect the coastal localities of the country.
• Dust storms occur during summer months with peak in May and June, They are locally known as Andhi. These dust storms are quite violent. Dust storms during the early summer indicates the arrival of the monsoons while dust storms in the autumn indicate the arrival of winter.
• Heat waves occur during May and June, especially in southern Punjab, central Balochistan and interior Sindh.
• Continental air prevails during the period when there is no precipitation in the country.

Seasonal Climate

Sheru Dhara in Bagh Azad Kashmir

Pakistan has a cool, dry winter starting from November in the North and December in the South but it gets progressively wetter during January and February especially in the western parts of the country. Snowfall is common in Northern Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Azad Kashmir, Gilgit Baltistan and Central Balochistan. Spring (March-April) in the North receives ample rain due to the Western Disturbances, Most of Punjab and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa also receive substantial spring precipitation. Most of the country remains dry and hot during May and June and Balochistan remains this way until Autumn. The Southwest Monsoon reaches Pakistan in the beginning of July and this leads to heavy rainfall and high humidity. As the Monsoons retreat a short, dry Autumn commences in September in the far North and October in the rest of the country.

Temperature regions

Pakistan can be divided into four broad temperature regions:
1. Hot summer and mild winter: 32 °C (90 °F) or more in summer and 10 °C (50 °F) to 21 °C (70 °F) in winter.
2. Warm summer and mild winter: 21 °C (70 °F) - 32 °C (90 °F) in summer and 10 °C (50 °F) to 21 °C (70 °F) in winter.
3. Warm summer and cool winter: 21 °C (70 °F) - 32 °C (90 °F) in summer and 00 °C (32 °F) - 10 °C (50 °F) in winter.
4. Mild summer and cool/cold winter: Summer temperature between 10 °C (50 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F) and winter temperature between 00 °C (32 °F) and 10 °C (50 °F)

Currency & Credit Cards

The Pakistan's unit of currency is Rupee(Rs).

Major credit cards such as American Express, Master Card, and Visa are accepted..

Notes:

Notes bearing the inscription "State Bank of Pakistan" in denominations of 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000 & Rs. 5000.

Coins:

Coints of Rs.1, Rs.2 & Rs.5

Banking Hours

Monday - Friday: 9.00am – 5:00pm

Automatic teller machines (ATMs): 24 hours in the city and suburbs.

Medical Services

Are also available in Islamabad City.